The short answers

An ERC-20 representing a claim on a Bar holding a pool asset. One Etalon is worth totalAssets / totalSupply of the underlying, and that number only rises as fee income is harvested in. It is an ordinary token, so your wallet, a DEX and a lending market all handle it without special support.

No. Redeem in any block, at the price the contract computes. What the contract also does — and what nothing else in this category does — is record which block, so the number can be read against the clock the underlying trades on.

Yes. The Bar holds a tokenised equity; that can fall, its issuer can act on it, and the contracts here are unaudited. The share price cannot fall from anyone else's deposit or redemption — that is a property the build executes — but a share price that holds while the asset falls is not protection.

The vault records a timestamp with every reading. The measurement is what that timestamp is worth: the exchange that prices these assets is matching orders a fifth of the time, and a mark taken in the other four fifths has no auction behind it. Nothing on chain can tell you which kind you are looking at unless something writes down when.

The measurement is live and reads the chain with no key. The app deploys a Bar from your own wallet, which makes you its owner. Nobody has deployed a canonical one, there is no token, and private execution is named on the roadmap and nowhere else. The Curie point page states it part by part.

Because a standard that changes with the weather is not a standard. Guillaume's alloy exists so that a length can be compared to something that does not move, and it stops working above its Curie temperature — which is a more honest shape for a guarantee than most protocols manage.